Group+One

=Unit Questions:= Web Quest Site: http://www.stagge.net/webquest/index.htm

Emily's Questions: 1) Why is the Nile River called the "backbone" of Egypt? What purposes does it serve? 2) How come the majority of Ancient Egypt's cities were located near the Nile? 3) What is the difference between the "red land" and the "black land"? 4) Which two sources of Egypt allowed it to have rich agriculture and mineral resources as well as protection? 5) What are the seven cities of Ancient Egypt? 6) Which two bodies of water surrounded the Egyptian border?
 * GEOGRAPHY QUESTIONS:**

Randy's Questions: 1) How did religion affect culture and the way of life? 2) What would Egypt be like without the Nile? Would Egypt have survived? 3) Was Egypt exposed or isolated from other civilizations at this time? 4) How did climate affect the overall civilization of Egypt? 5) What was significant about the red land and did it help Egypt? 6) What fed the Nile River?

Verena's Questions: 1) Why did ancient Egyptians divide Egypt into the 'Red Land' and the 'Black Land'? 2) How did the Nile make Egyptian civilization flourish? 3) Why is the Nile made out of the 'White Nile' and the 'Blue Nile'? 4) Where there only seven cities in Ancient Egypt at that time? 5) Where is the Nile located? 6) How long is the Nile?

Katherine's Questions: 1) Where is the Nile? 2) How many parts were there? 3) What are the names of the parts? 4) Egypt used to be split into two parts. What are the names of the two parts? 5) How was the land around the Nile like? Fertile? Dry? Damp? 6) Where did the Nile's waters flow out to?

Water Clocks || Religion || The Red Pyramid || Sun Clocks || Mummification || Great Pyramid of Khufu The Step Pyramid || Luxor Temple || Tutankhamen Ramses II Ramses III || Medicine || Gods and Goddesses || Abu Simbel Karnak Temple || The modern 365 Calendar was made in 238 B.C.
 * CULTURE TIMELINE:**
 * **TIME PERIOD** || **DATES (B.C.)** || **PHAROAH** || **INVENTION** || **CULTURAL PRACTICE** || **MONUMENT+LAND FEATURE** ||
 * Archaic || 3411-3100 || Menes || Writing
 * Old Kingdom || 3100-2181 || Khufu || Glass
 * First Intermediate || 2181-2125 || Achthoes || Ox-draws plows ||  || Pyramid Texts ||
 * Middle Kingdom || 2125-1650 || Senusret || Horse-drawn chariots || Burial Practice || Rameseum
 * Second Intermediate || 1650-1550 || Kamose || Spells ||  || Avaris ||
 * New Kingdom || 1550-1069 || Nefertiti

Katherine's Questions: 1) What kind of lifestyle did the lowerclass people have in Ancient Egypt? 2) What kind of goverment system did Egypt have? 3) Was the Goverment system fair? Why or Why not? 4) What kind of jobs did the higher ranking people have? 5) Do you think that the goverment forced religion on the people? 6) How long did Egypt use their goverment system?
 * GOVERMENT:**

Verena's comparison: The Pharaoh was the person who established the laws. The Pharaoh is the king of Egypt. He controls its people, population, government, economy and everything else. His Vizier is second in command and controls everything the Pharaoh cannot. He also help the Pharaoh when in need. The people who enforced the laws daily were first the officials. If they were to spot a problem or a problem is reported, they would see to it that it was solved. The Vizier made sure every one had a fair chance at justice. The president of the United States is both the head of state and head of government. Since he cannot possibly deal with all the matters on his own, he appoints a circle of employees, who are the people the president trusts most based on loyalty and integrity. In addition to the president's closest personal advisors, he also appoints people to head departments (ministers) of state.

Randy's Questions: 1) What is a Pharaoh? 2) What are the Social Classes 3) What is the most similar government system to the Egyptian Government System? 4) What are the Pros and Cons? 5) What impact did the government system have on daily life? 6) Were there elections?

Randy's comparison: I strongly think that the Egyptian Government and American Government are almost totally different. Americans do not believe Communism or Dictatorship. However, the americans do believe in the Democratic and Republican government systems. These are based on fairness, equality, freedom of speech, rights, free-will, and summed up as good old Democracy. This means that could vote and could generally pressure or over rule the government. People also had religious freedom (except bad cults), freedom in their actions, and freedom of speech. America was and is basically a very fair and free country.

Egyptian rule was not regal (kings or queens)! In my opinion, it was more of Dictatorship. Regal rule means that the people still have rights to vote, and also have freedom of speech. Basically, regal rule is somewhat democratic. However, Egyptians bielived in what I call dictatorship. I would describe dictatorship as tyranny (no offence to the egyptians). For proof, pharaohs were in complete control the people and know one could question his/her reign. Also, what ever the pharaohs decided became the law. It was basically a my way or the high way government system. If you un-please the king, he cuts your head off. That sounds dictatorship enough! Sure there were some good leaders in egypt. However, I've noticed a one Hitler, one Idi Amin, and a few other cruel rulers.

Emily's comparison: The ancient Egyptian government was ruled by a single man: the Pharaoh. People believed that the pharaoh was a god so that gave him absolute control over everything over the goverment as well as its people. The job as Pharaoh was usually passed down as a family, or as people coming from the same background. The government consisted of the vizier, the chief treasurer, the tax collector, the minister of public works, and the army commander. The vizier is right below the Pharaoh and is the prime minister, head priest, the executive head of the bureaucracy, supreme judge of the state and ruled on all petitions and grievances brought to the court. Taxes were paid by goods and labor. Tax work included working for the army, and working along the basin of the Nile.

The Executive branch is a made up of the President and his delegates. The President is the head of the government, the military commander in cheif and chieft diplomant. According the the Constitution, the President must "take care that the laws be faithfully executed." The President is appointed by the number of electro votes from each seperate state. The government has fifteen different departments and a number of staff organizations including the White House staff, the National Security Council, the Office of Management and Budget, the Council of Economic Advisers, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, the Office of National Drug Control Policy and the Office of Science and Technology Policy. The Vice President is the second highest government official and the Vice President becomes President upon the death, resignation, or removal of the President. In addition, the President is also aided with a council of advisors called the Presiden'ts Cabinent.

Katherine's comparison: There is a lot of differences between the Ancient Egyptian government and the U.S. government to day. The pharaoh can have his people do just about anything he/she wants him to do, no matter how insane. If the U.S. president wanted something crazy done he/she would have to resign. The U.S. president is appointed the job and the pharaoh is just the pharaoh’s oldest child. In Ancient Egypt the pharaoh didn't have to do much except for ordering his people to do things. Now in the U.S. the president would have to handle taxes and loads of paper work. In the U.S. there are lots or laws that are always there and can't be changed but for a pharaoh the law is anything the pharaoh wants it to be.

Emily: Why would Akhenaten's beliefs about the Sun God Ra create such a stir in Ancient Egypt?  Akhenaten is renowned for being a religious revolutionary. He was orignally named Amenhotep IV but changed his name to Akhenaten meaning "Beneficial for Aten"-in honor of the sun god. During his reign, Akhenaten banished tradional religious practice of worshipping gods other than the Sun God. He then chnaged the capital from Thebes to Tell el-Amarna where he built a city to honor the Sun God. Many Egyptians believe this religious revolution was aimed at recreating the authority of Pharaoh but others believe it was simply a Pharaoh's strong religious belief. The religion was reverted back to the traditonal systems of worshipping many gods during his son, Tutankhamen's reign.
 * HISTORY:**

Emily: Why was Rameses called "The Great"? Ramses was a king of Egypt that ruled from 1292-1225 B.C. and is know for his great splendor and building monuments such as Abu Simbel during his reign. Four great statues were carved into Ramses himself, as well as gods. Other monuments that were created by him also include Ramesseum, Luxor, and Karnak temples. He is often considered the greatest Pharaoh of Egypt and traditonally believed to be the Pharaoh of Exodus. Verena: What was unusual about Hatshepsut? Queen Hatshepsut was an unsual ruler because she was a woman. She ruled for around 15 to 20 years. She helped Thtumose III rule because he was too young to rule himself at that time. She was a bold and successful leader, she created a time of peace and economic success. After her reign, she became known for every accomplishment that was successful during her time that she was ruling Ancient Egypt. Verena: If Tutankhamun was not an important pharaoh, why is he remembered? (Is the mummy's curse real?) Tutankhamen was not an important pharaoh, but he is still remembered mainly because of the mummy's curse. The mummy's curse is well known in many countries. Some people think the mummy's curse is real, some people don't. According to believes, the mummy's curse is not real. Lord Carnavon was the patron for Howard Carter, who had been trying to find the tomb for a long time. Carnarvon had always had poor health for the last 20 years. Around two weeks after the opening of the burial chamber, Carnarvon received a mosquito bite which became infected after he cut it while shaving. Carnarvon fell ill and came down with pneumonia and eventually passed away not long after. As discoverer of the tomb, Carter should have been Number 1 on the curse's "hit list", but he survived until March 1939, just short of his 65th birthday and nearly 17 years after entering the tomb. Katherine: Who built the pyramids and why? How do they differ from an obelisk? Katherine: What is the Valley of the Kings? Randy: What types of transportation were used in Ancient Egypt and how did transportation effect trade? 1) Walking, although foolish enough, was a common form of transportation. People would bring lots of water, provisions, and walk along the Nile River to different cities. It was more tiring but cheaper this way! Goods could be traded but the wait was very long. 2) Camels were also used very often due to there ability to not eat or drink for days and their ability to travel like horses. Camels could carry as much as 1000 pounds on it's back. This means a rider and cargo could fit easily on a camel. As saddle animals, camels could travel as much as 100 miles in one day! 3) Sailing boats were used by the wealthier or well known merchants. Sailing boats were built out of reed and were good for carrying shiploads of cargo and could travel at 5-7 miles per hour. It was also harder to rob a boat since it was traveling on a river. Saling boats may have been the best mode of transportation. 4) Whoa! Horses were introduced at around 500 B.C. and were very handy for the rich. They could travel at faster speeds and could be used to pull horse chariots. However, Cargo was sort of an issue due to the weakness of a horse.
 * ECONOMICS:**

Randy:What did Ancient Egyptians produce and what did they purchase from other countries? Please note that there was no currency in coins or bills and things were traded on item to item ratio and trust that they are not being scammed. Footwear for Rice? Tough Luck!

Exports: Gold, other minerals, wheat, barley, flax, and Papyrus Sheets.

Imports: Ancient Nubia: Ivory, copper, cattle, skins, and exotic spices. spices Mediterranean Countries: Silver, Iron, Cedar Logs, and Horses

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 * TRIVIA: