Group+Seven

= = 1.  Two cities: Abu Simbel and Memphis COMPLETED geography questions. On the north point of where Blue Nile and White Nile meet, what does the Nile make? COMPLETED What was the Aswan Dam built for? What did the red land and black land stand for? 3. Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and the New Kingdom. COMPLETED. 4. Paper (papyrus) in 3100 B.C. COMPLETED. The pyramids in Giza in 2600 B.C. In 238 A.D., Egyptians invented 365 day calendar. 5. What types of jobs did they have? Pharaohs, priests and priestesses, merchants, farmers, artists, craftsmen, scribes, and slaves. COMPLETED. 6. Pharaohs had absolute power and they made the laws, princes inherited their thrones, and there were taxes. 7.  8.    Egypt traded with Nubia and countries along the Mediterranean Sea. COMPLETED Ankh, Crook and Flail. = = =Royal Symbols= Ankh: This is a symbol of life. A lot of deities or gods carry this. The're also used in funerals and are offered to pharaohs. Cartouche: It stands for a length of rope that surrounds the royal people's names in hieroglyphics. Crook and Flail: The corpse of pharaohs held these across their chest. The crook represents government. Lotus: This flower stood for the Sun God Ra, the pharaohs, and re-birth. = = = = =Here is a website on ancient egypt laws.= http://www.riverschool.org/students/work/culture.e.laws.htm Guys, I saved my timeline in my USB. I'll show it to you tomorrow! -Ye Jin- Trivia On the introduction page, it says Lettegamesbegin On the top page, it says iluvygypt

Yejin is right, but it is letthegamesbegin, not lettegamesbegin

Other interesting things about Egypt: Trivia The crown for Lower Egypt was red and for Upper Egypt, it was white. When King Menes unified both Egypts, he wore both of them. It was called 'The Double Crown of the United Egypt.' A French scholar named Jean Francois Champollion broke the code in 1822. Code= hieroglyphics. Cleopatra VII was the last Mecadonian pharaoh to rule Egypt. = = =History= **Eric: Why would Akhenaten's beliefs about the Sun God Ra create such a stir in Ancient Egypt?** Akhenaten proclaimed that Ra was the only one and only god. **Eric: Why was Rameses** **called "The Great"?** Ramesses was called the great because he made famouse monuments, He made more monuments then any other king. and he ruled for 67 years. Tutankhamun is remembered for bringing back the beliefs in the Egyptian Gods. His brother, who was a pharaoh before him destroyed all the statues of the gods and forced the Egyptians to believe in the Sun God Ra only. Also, he is remembered for being the only pharaoh whose tomb didn't get robbed. An archaeologist called Howard Carter found his unrobbed tomb in 1922. The mummy's curse was put on the tomb so it wouldn't get robbed or found. It was also for Tutankhamun's protection in the afterlife. For him, the curse really worked! The pyramids were built by hand by the peasants and slaves of Ancient Egypyt. The Great Pyramid was built for the pharaoh Khufu. Obelisks are structures that has commemorations and dedications in hieroglyphics, honoring the gods and the pharohs. But pyramids are structures that contain treasures and the corpse of a dead pharaoh.** = = =Egyptian Trades and Economics=
 * Richard:** Akhenaten's beliefs about the sun god Ra created a stir in ancient Egypt because when the sun god Ra suddenly gained power, all the other gods were pushed aside, and the people of ancient Egypt had to suddenly only believe in one god, Ra. This probably damaged the Egyptians culture of gods quite a bit. Also, when the sun god Ra became powerful, also the god Amun, became powerful because ancient Egyptians believed that Amun was combined with Ra to make the most powerful god, Amun-Ra. Because of this, the priest of the temple of Amun became more and more powerful, and also gained a lot of wealth. With increased political influence, the priest of the temple of Amun started to threaten the authority of the Pharaoh. This became a serious problem, but was later fixed. That is why Akhenaten's belief about the sun god created such a stir in Ancient Egypt. 
 * Ye Jin:What was unusual about Hatshepsut** **?** Hatshepsut was a regent for her stepson Thutmoses the third and she was a successful pharaoh. Under her control, Egypt got rich. Because she really wanted to be a man, she wore fake beards to look like one. When Thutmoses was old enough to be king, she refused to give him her throne. She was a woman pharaoh who was valiant and man-like.
 * Ye Jin:** If Tutankhamun was not an important pharaoh, why is he remembered? (Is the mummy's curse real?)
 * Ye Jin: Who built the pyramids and why? How do they differ from an obelisk?

Richard Jung: Ancient Egyptians were very good producers and traders. Ancient Egypt imported and exported goods from neighboring countries and civilizations. They exported many goods like stone and pottery vases, linen, papyrus, gold vessels, ox hides, ropes, lentils, and dried fish. Imported goods were usually raw material, and products that were wanted, such as luxury items of high society. Horses, cattle, small livestock, cedar wood, silver, copper, and valuable minerals were imported from Syria and Palestine. Cyprus delivered copper and ivory. Luxury items such as Minoan and Mycenaean oil containers came from the Aegean. Some countries from the south, like Nubia, was rich in gold and mineral deposits, building stone, ebony, ivory, ostrich feathers and eggs, as well as livestock and cattle.

Richard Jung: The Nile River was the main highway that joined Egypt together. Up until the 19th century, travel by land was virtually unknown. The main types of transportation were by water, using ships and boats. Ships and boats were used to transport people, and to transport goods around the city. The prevailing winds blew south, propelling boats that traveled that direction, and the current of the Nile helped push boats that traveled north. The simplest type of boat in ancient Egypt was the skiff. The skiff was a boat made from papyrus reeds that were tied together. Skiffs were used for fishing, hunting game in the marshes, and traveling short distances. Other boats were made of wood, which made traveling safer, and it could also hold more cargo. To get around on land, people walked, rode donkeys, or traveled by wagon. They carried goods on their heads, but the donkeys and wagons hauled heavier loads. The transportation used by the ancient Egyptians affected the trade extremely, because with land travel, they could trade with civilizations that weren’t next to water. With the ability of water travel, the ships from ancient Egypt could have gone out of the Nile and into the Mediterranean Sea to trade with other civilizations next to the coast like ancient Rome, and Mesopotamia. 

What Ideas About Government Today Existed From Ancient Egypt? = = =Government= Ye Jin Yeoum: In Ancient Egypt, pharaohs were the only people who could decide and make laws. They were thought to be godlike and powerful too. Now, the citizens can protest or speak out about the laws made by the rulers that they don ’ t like. Back then, in Egypt, what pharaohs said were made into laws and the people couldn ’ t say or do anything about it, in other words, they didn ’ t have freedom in their own country. But today, the citizens can be stronger than the presidents sometimes. People nowadays have the right to do so. One thing we have common with the Ancient Egyptian government is taxes. In Ancient Egypt, people paid their taxes with goods and what they sold in their stores. (If they were merchants.) Now, we pay the taxes with money. = = = =

=Culture=   Ye Jin/ Richard: the five cultural practices: 1. By about 2600 B.C., ancient Egyptians had developed an elaborate process of preparing the mummy. 2. 1352- 1336 B.C. During Amenhotep IV's reign, Ancient Egyptians were forced to believe in God Ra only. 3. From the very beginning of Ancient Egypt, the Anceint Egyptians were believing in the gods of Ancient Egypt. 4. They started to bury the pharaohs in pyramids and believing in afterlife from 2500B.C.; this is when King Khufu's pyramid was built for the first time. 5. Ye Jin Yeoum: What did they eat and wear? The Ancient Egyptian men were skirts made out of linen and wrapped linen around their heads. The women wore shift dresses made out of linen and some of them were see-through. They ate fish from the Nile, vegetables such as sweet onion, beets, garlic, turnips, lettuce, peas, beans and radishes. They also ate fruits like watermelons, grapes, and plums, they ate pork, mutton, bread, and ducks. As for their drinks, they drank beer and wine.

Ashley:  In what type of homes did most Ancient Egyptians live? They had houses made out of dried mud and their roofs were flat. What types of jobs did they have? Ashley: Most people were farmers, artists, craftsmen, builders, and doctors. Ye Jin Yeoum: What types of jobs did they have? First of all, there was the pharaoh and the queen. They were at the top of the social classes. Then came noblemen and noblemen's wives. Priests and prietesses. Merchants, soldiers, sailors, craftsmen, scribes, musicians, and artists. Lastly, at the bottom of the social classes, there were slaves and servants.

Ashley Wright: Ramses: 1279–1213 B.C. Hatshepsut: 1473 to 1458 B.C. Tuthmosis: 1506 to 1493 B.C. Nefertiti: 1353 to 1336 B.C. Tutakhamen: 1333 to 1323 B.C

Ye Jin Yeoum: the five man-made monuments or structures The Sphinx: The Sphinx was made from 2558-2532 B.C. The Pyramids in Giza: It was built in 2500B.C. The Great Temple of Abu Simbel: It was built in 1257 B.C The Aswan Dam: This dam was built in about from 1960 and was completed in 1970. The Pharos lighthouse: Pharos was built in about 270 B.C.

Eric Yang: five inventions of Egypt of enduring impact Hieroglyphics as an early system of writing: 3000 B.C. Paper (papyrus): 3100- 2900 B.C. 365 Day Calendar and Leap Year: 238 B.C. Sails: 3500 B.C. First Ox-Drawn Plows: 2500 B.C.

=Geography Questions=

King Narmer Ye Jin Yeoum: Short answer question: When did King Narmer become king? King Narmer was the first king in blank dynasty. Which dynasty was it? Answer: King Narmer became king in 3,150 B.C. and he was the first king in the first dynasty of united Egypt. ==== Ashley: Explanation question: What do red land and black land stand for? What is it? Explain Answer: The "black land" stands for the fertile banks of the Nile. The Egyptians used this land to grow their crops. The black land was the only land that could be farmed because the lair of thick black silt was deposited there every year. The “red land” stanhds for the barren desert protected by Egypt on two sides. The desert separated Egypt from the neighboring countries, and from attacks. It was a source for finding precious stones and making jewelry. ====

Aswan Dam Ye Jin Yeoum: Explanation question: Why was the Aswan Dam created? What did it do? Where is it located? Explain Answer: The Aswan Dam was created to control the river Nile. (Especially floods.) It was built to stop floods and it is built along the Nile.

Upper and Lower Egypt Richard Jung: Explanation question: What are the main differences between Upper and Lower Egypt? Explain. Explanation question: Why did Egypt split up into two different parts? Explain. Short answer question: What kind of climate did they have in these two parts of Egypt? Short answer question: What kind of natural environment did the two parts of Egypt have?

Nubia Richard Jung: Explanation question: What kind of country was Nubia? Explain. Short answer question: Where is Nubia Located? Explanation question: What kind of natural environment did Nubia have?

Blue Nile and the White Nile Ye Jin Yeoum: Short answer question: On the north point of where the Blue Nile and the White Nile meet, what does the Nile make? Answer: The Nile makes two big bends that look like an S shape.

=How Did Religion Effect Egyptian Culture?=