Group+Three

= = = = =**Geography Questions**= Justine: How did people in Egypt stop the Nile River from flooding? The land has not experienced flooding since the construction of the Aswan Dam How did people transport goods and people? The felucca, a small open sailboat How did the "Double Land" and the "Two Lands" seperate? Around 5000 B.C., when the climate became more arid, nomadic groups retreated to the Nile Valley, creating the first urban settlements. These communities were concentrated in the North and the South. As a result, Egypt became known as the "Double Land" or the "Two Lands" of Upper and Lower Egypt. Where does the White Nile flow through? The White Nile flows from Lake Victoria, Lake Edward and Lake George Where does the Blue Nile flow through? the Blue Nile originates in the Ethiopian mountains Where does the Atbara River flow through? The Atbara River flows from the Ethiopian highlands and meets the combined White Nile and Blue Nile just north of Khartoum

Zoe: What did the Egyptians call the "red land"? The desert ( where the ground is slightly red). What did the Egyptians call the "black land"? The flood plain around the Nile. What does the lotus mean in Egyptian culture? It is a sign for the regeneration of life. What are the seven lands of Ancient Egypt? Assuit, Aswan, Cairo, Giza, Karnak, Memphis, and Thebes. Why was the farmland around the Nile so fertile? Because the Nile flooded the land about once a year. Why is the Nile so important? Without its water and fertile soil, Egyptian civilization wouldn't have emerged. When did flooding usually occur? From July to September.

(Mathew): Eygpt is bordered by which two seas? The mediterrainien sea and the red sea (Mathew): How long is the Nile? 6,650km (Mathew): What was in the soil of Eygpt that made it able to grow crops? Silt (Mathew): What is the southern-most major city of Eygpt? Aswan (Mathew): Between which two cities is the Valley of Kings located? Abydos and Qena (Mathew): Which major city is near the Giza pyramids? Cairo

(Lauren): -Why is the Nile River a 'backbone' to the Eygptians? Because the flooding of the river over the banks give fertile soil for Eygptians to grow crops -Which two branches did the Nile River split into? Rosetta Branch and the Damietta branch -What allowed Eygpt to have a long lasting civilizations? Rich agriculture and mineral sources -Where do the Nile flow through? Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Uganda,Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, and Congo -What kind of crops were grown along the banks of the Nile? Barley and wheat -Which Sea does the Nile River flow to? Mediteranean Sea

William's questions

-The nile is compsed of two parts what are they? The White Nile, The Blue Nile and the Atbara River -Befor Egypt united what was Egypt seperated into? Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt

=**How Did Religion Effect Egyptian Culture? **=

=What Ideas About Government Today Existed From Ancient Egypt?=

Zoe's comparison of Government: In Ancient Egypt, pharaohs had absolute power and complete control over their people. He sometimes went to his advisors for help, but in the end, the pharaoh decided all the laws. Today, there is one ruler over our country, but he doesn't decide everything. The people can have a say, too. In Egypt, there were dynasties so that when a ruler died, his son would take the throne. Today, the ruler (or president) has a certain amount of time to have power, then another ruler can get voted for that wasn't in his family. Today, we don't have dynasties. One similar thing about Egypt and today was that the civilians had to pay a crop tax to their king, and we pay taxes every year as well.

(Mathew): An idea of government that still exists today is ** taxes **. They paid them thousands of years ago and we still pay them today. Taxes are collected by the government from the people for protecting them. Something that is different in the government system now is instead of one ruler; the government is run by many people. For instance, in the democratic system applied in the United States, there is an executive branch (the president), a legislative branch (the Congress), and a Juridical branch (the Supreme Court).

Justine: The only people that could control the people and the laws are the Pharaohs. He goes to his advisors everytime he wants to make a desicion, and soon the desicion becomes a law. In the present day, there is someone who rules the country, but it isn't always the same person or someone in the same family, the people get to vote. But he doesn't make all the desicions by himself, other people can make desicions too. There is one similar thing that we have now, that also was common, which is taxes and rents, and we pay them, just like they did.

Lauren: Pharaohs in Ancient Egypt had absolute control on the laws and people. Egyptians believed he was an incarnation of the falcon god, Horus, carrying out duties. He decides all the laws and rules, with assistance from his vizier or from Ma'at, the goddes of truth. But even though he gets advises and suggestions, he still had the authority to choose whether to listen or not. Common people were not allowed to criticize, judge or plot against him, for the result would be death. In present day, the ruler of a country still decides everything, but other people are allowed to object and speak up their opinions without being killed. The position of the pharaoh was passed down from father to son in a family, not like today, where some countries run an election for a president. People used to fight in wars for the throne, but now, they see whether a president had done something wrong or betrayed the country in some way that citizens overthrow him.

Pharaohs
Zoe: If Tutankhamun wasn't an important Pharaoh, why is he remembered? Tutankhamun wasn't a very important pharaoh, and he didn't play a very important role in Egyptian history. But many pharaoh's tombs had been robbed of all treasures, and King Tut's was yet to be found. In 1922, when Howard Carter discovered his tomb, it was considered the most important archeological discoveries of the century because no one had found any other pharaoh's tombs.

Justine: Who built the pyramids and why? King Khufu ordered builders to build a big pyramid because it would be his great tomb when he dies. He wants a place to put all his treasures next to his tomb so in the after life, he will have everything he needs to live.



Lauren: Why was Rameses 'the great'? Rameses II had acomplished many things. He constructed alot of temples, monuments and cities that are still preserved till now. He covered from the Delta to Nubia with buildings, created temples like the stone temple of Abu Simbel and Ramesseum in the western Thebes. He had been famous for his battle of Kadesh, which he fought with the Hittite Empire, till his twenty-first year as pharaoh before making a peace treaty with them. The document had been one of the earliest treaties in world history/ = = =Economics How did Trade Effect the Culture of Ancient Egypt and Other Cultures of the Time Period?=

Justine:

Queen Hatshepsut encourage trade with faraway places, sending a famous expedition to the land of Punt on the east coast of Africa. To get to different countries to trade, they use boats to sail down the Nile. Because of transportation, the trades usually took longer. The egyptians produced stone and pottery vases, linen, papyrus, gold vessels, ox hides, ropes, lentils, and dried fish. Horses, cattle, small livestock, cedar wood, silver, copper, and valuable minerals were imported from Syria and Palestine. Cyprus delivered copper and ivory. Luxury items such as Minoan and Mycenaean oil containers came from the Aegean. Myrrh and incense comes from the land of Punt

Zoe: The Egyptians used boats as transportation along the Nile, so this transportation allowed Egypt to trade with other countries along the Nile. Egypt produced